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Instructor: Wing-Hung Ki
Wing-Hung Ki received his B.Sc. from UCSD (1984), M.Sc. from Caltech (1985), and Ph.D. from UCLA (1995),
all in electrical engineering. From 1992 to 1995, he worked for Micro Linear, San Jose, on the design of power
converter controllers. He joined the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) in 1995, and is
currently a professor of the Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering. His research interests are IC
techniques for power management circuits, power transponders for RFID and energy harvesting applications,
and fundamental research in switching converters and charge pumps.
Voltage references are indispensable components in IC design. Their applications range from simple biasing toproviding adequate accuracy for ADCs, DACs, VFCs, and other building blocks. In this tutorial, bandgap reference (BGR) fundamentals and the design of CMOS BGRs will be covered. Topics include classic BGRs, op-amp based and non-op-amp based BGRs; BGRs with and without output buffers; stability issues arose from negative and positive feedback; loop-gain function and power-supply rejection; startup issues, trimming and design of resistor strings. Advanced topics include curvature compensation, sub-1V references, micro-power references, and alternatives to bandgap references such as fully CMOS references and resistor-less references.
